《Hababka Ciribtirka Oscillation of CNC Machine Tools》
Qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara wax soo saarka warshadaha casriga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatada oscillation inta badan waxay dhibaysaa hawlwadeenada iyo soosaarayaasha. Sababaha u dhaqdhaqaaqa mashiinnada CNC waa kuwo aad u adag. Marka lagu daro arrimo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin farqiga gudbinta ee aan la saari karin, qallafsanaanta laastikada, iyo iska caabbinta jilicsan ee dhinaca farsamada, saameynta xuduudaha la xidhiidha nidaamka servo sidoo kale waa arrin muhiim ah. Hadda, soo saaraha qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa si faahfaahsan u soo bandhigi doona hababka lagu tirtirayo oscillation ee qalabka mashiinka CNC.
I. Yaraynta faa'iidada loop booska
Xakameeyaha saamiga-dhex-dhexaadka ah waa kontaroole hawl badan oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara qalabka mashiinka CNC. Ma aha oo kaliya inay si wax ku ool ah u fuliso faa'iidada saamiga ee hadda iyo calaamadaha danab laakiin sidoo kale waxay hagaajin kartaa dib-u-dhaca ama dhibaatada hormuudka ah ee calaamadda soo-saarka. Cilladaha oscillation mararka qaarkood waxay dhacaan sababtoo ah dib u dhaca ama hogaaminta wax soo saarka hadda iyo tamarta. Waqtigaan, PID-da waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hagaajiyo wejiga wax soo saarka hadda iyo korantada.
Faa'iidada loop booska waa halbeegga muhiimka ah ee nidaamka xakamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka CNC. Marka faa'iidada wareegga boosku aad u sarreeyo, nidaamku aad ayuu ugu nugul yahay khaladaadka booska wuxuuna u nugul yahay inuu keeno gariir. Yaraynta faa'iidada wareegga booska waxay yareyn kartaa xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka oo sidaas darteed hoos u dhigi karta suurtagalnimada oscillation.
Marka la hagaajinayo faa'iidada loop booska, waxay u baahan tahay in si macquul ah loo dejiyo iyadoo loo eegayo qaabka qalabka mashiinka gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha farsamaynta. Guud ahaan, faa'iidada loop booska waa la dhimi karaa ilaa heer hoose marka hore, ka dibna si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo kordhiyaa iyadoo la eegayo hawlgalka qalabka mashiinka ilaa qiimaha ugu fiican ee buuxin kara shuruudaha saxsanaanta iyo ka fogaanshaha oscillation la helay.
Xakameeyaha saamiga-dhex-dhexaadka ah waa kontaroole hawl badan oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara qalabka mashiinka CNC. Ma aha oo kaliya inay si wax ku ool ah u fuliso faa'iidada saamiga ee hadda iyo calaamadaha danab laakiin sidoo kale waxay hagaajin kartaa dib-u-dhaca ama dhibaatada hormuudka ah ee calaamadda soo-saarka. Cilladaha oscillation mararka qaarkood waxay dhacaan sababtoo ah dib u dhaca ama hogaaminta wax soo saarka hadda iyo tamarta. Waqtigaan, PID-da waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hagaajiyo wejiga wax soo saarka hadda iyo korantada.
Faa'iidada loop booska waa halbeegga muhiimka ah ee nidaamka xakamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka CNC. Marka faa'iidada wareegga boosku aad u sarreeyo, nidaamku aad ayuu ugu nugul yahay khaladaadka booska wuxuuna u nugul yahay inuu keeno gariir. Yaraynta faa'iidada wareegga booska waxay yareyn kartaa xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka oo sidaas darteed hoos u dhigi karta suurtagalnimada oscillation.
Marka la hagaajinayo faa'iidada loop booska, waxay u baahan tahay in si macquul ah loo dejiyo iyadoo loo eegayo qaabka qalabka mashiinka gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha farsamaynta. Guud ahaan, faa'iidada loop booska waa la dhimi karaa ilaa heer hoose marka hore, ka dibna si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo kordhiyaa iyadoo la eegayo hawlgalka qalabka mashiinka ilaa qiimaha ugu fiican ee buuxin kara shuruudaha saxsanaanta iyo ka fogaanshaha oscillation la helay.
II. Hagaajinta cabbirka nidaamka servo-loop-ka-xiran
Nidaamka servo semi-xiran-loop
Qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada CNC servo waxay adeegsadaan aaladaha qayb-xiran. Marka la hagaajinayo nidaamka servo semi-xiran-loop, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hubiyo in nidaamka semi-xiran-loop ee maxalliga ah uusan gariirin. Maaddaama nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran yahay uu sameeyo hagaajinta cabbirka iyadoo la eegayo in nidaamkeeda semi-loop-xidhan yahay mid deggan, labaduba waxay la mid yihiin hababka hagaajinta.
Nidaamka servo semi-loop-loop si aan toos ahayn wuxuu dib u quudiyaa macluumaadka booska qalabka mashiinka isagoo ogaanaya xagasha wareega ama xawaaraha mootada. Marka la hagaajinayo xuduudaha, dhinacyada soo socda ayaa loo baahan yahay in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho:
(1) Xawaaraha loop-ka-xawaaraha: Hababka helitaanka xawaaraha xawaaraha iyo waqtiga joogtada ah ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh xasilloonida iyo xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka. Helitaanka wareegga xawaaraha aadka u sarreeya waxay u horseedi doontaa jawaab-celin nidaam aad u degdeg badan waxayna u nugul tahay abuurista oscillation; halka wakhti aad u dheer oo joogto ah oo isku dhafan ay hoos u dhigi doonto jawaabta nidaamka oo ay saameynayso waxtarka habka.
(2) Qiyaasaha wareegga booska: hagaajinta faa'iidada loop booska iyo cabbirrada shaandhaynta waxay hagaajin kartaa saxnaanta booska iyo xasilloonida nidaamka. Faa'iidada loop booska aadka u sareysa waxay keeni doontaa gariir, shaandheyntuna waxay shaandhayn kartaa buuqa soo noqnoqda ee calaamada jawaab celinta waxayna hagaajinaysaa xasilloonida nidaamka.
Nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran
Nidaamka buuxa ee loop-loop servo wuxuu xaqiiqsadaa xakamaynta booska saxda ah isagoo si toos ah u ogaanaya booska dhabta ah ee qalabka mashiinka. Marka la hagaajinayo nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran, xuduudaha ayaa loo baahan yahay in si taxadar leh loo doorto si loo hubiyo xasilloonida iyo saxnaanta nidaamka.
Hagaajinta halbeegga ee nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa ee xidhan inta badan waxa ku jira dhinacyada soo socda:
(1) Faa'iidada wareegga booska: Si la mid ah nidaamka wareegga-xiran ee badh-xiran, faa'iidada loop booska aadka u sarreeya waxay u horseedi doontaa gariir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama nidaamka buuxa ee xiran yahay uu ogaado khaladaadka booska si sax ah, faa'iidada loop booska waxaa lagu dejin karaa mid aad u sarreeya si loo hagaajiyo saxnaanta booska nidaamka.
(2) Xakamaynta xawaaraha xawaaraha: Hababka helitaanka xawaaraha xawaaraha iyo wakhtiga joogtada ah waxay u baahan yihiin in la hagaajiyo iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka firfircoon iyo shuruudaha farsamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka. Guud ahaan marka la hadlo, faa'iidada loop-ka xawaaraha waxaa lagu dejin karaa wax yar ka sarreeya nidaamka semi-xiran-loop si loo hagaajiyo xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka.
(3) Xakamaynta shaandhaynta: Nidaamka buuxa ee loop-ku wuxuu aad ugu nugul yahay buuqa calaamada jawaab-celinta, markaa cabbirada shaandhaynta habboon ayaa loo baahan yahay in la dejiyo si loo shaandheeyo buuqa. Nooca iyo xulashada cabbirka shaandhada waa in lagu hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda codsiga gaarka ah.
Nidaamka servo semi-xiran-loop
Qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada CNC servo waxay adeegsadaan aaladaha qayb-xiran. Marka la hagaajinayo nidaamka servo semi-xiran-loop, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hubiyo in nidaamka semi-xiran-loop ee maxalliga ah uusan gariirin. Maaddaama nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran yahay uu sameeyo hagaajinta cabbirka iyadoo la eegayo in nidaamkeeda semi-loop-xidhan yahay mid deggan, labaduba waxay la mid yihiin hababka hagaajinta.
Nidaamka servo semi-loop-loop si aan toos ahayn wuxuu dib u quudiyaa macluumaadka booska qalabka mashiinka isagoo ogaanaya xagasha wareega ama xawaaraha mootada. Marka la hagaajinayo xuduudaha, dhinacyada soo socda ayaa loo baahan yahay in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho:
(1) Xawaaraha loop-ka-xawaaraha: Hababka helitaanka xawaaraha xawaaraha iyo waqtiga joogtada ah ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh xasilloonida iyo xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka. Helitaanka wareegga xawaaraha aadka u sarreeya waxay u horseedi doontaa jawaab-celin nidaam aad u degdeg badan waxayna u nugul tahay abuurista oscillation; halka wakhti aad u dheer oo joogto ah oo isku dhafan ay hoos u dhigi doonto jawaabta nidaamka oo ay saameynayso waxtarka habka.
(2) Qiyaasaha wareegga booska: hagaajinta faa'iidada loop booska iyo cabbirrada shaandhaynta waxay hagaajin kartaa saxnaanta booska iyo xasilloonida nidaamka. Faa'iidada loop booska aadka u sareysa waxay keeni doontaa gariir, shaandheyntuna waxay shaandhayn kartaa buuqa soo noqnoqda ee calaamada jawaab celinta waxayna hagaajinaysaa xasilloonida nidaamka.
Nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran
Nidaamka buuxa ee loop-loop servo wuxuu xaqiiqsadaa xakamaynta booska saxda ah isagoo si toos ah u ogaanaya booska dhabta ah ee qalabka mashiinka. Marka la hagaajinayo nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa-xiran, xuduudaha ayaa loo baahan yahay in si taxadar leh loo doorto si loo hubiyo xasilloonida iyo saxnaanta nidaamka.
Hagaajinta halbeegga ee nidaamka servo-loop-buuxa ee xidhan inta badan waxa ku jira dhinacyada soo socda:
(1) Faa'iidada wareegga booska: Si la mid ah nidaamka wareegga-xiran ee badh-xiran, faa'iidada loop booska aadka u sarreeya waxay u horseedi doontaa gariir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama nidaamka buuxa ee xiran yahay uu ogaado khaladaadka booska si sax ah, faa'iidada loop booska waxaa lagu dejin karaa mid aad u sarreeya si loo hagaajiyo saxnaanta booska nidaamka.
(2) Xakamaynta xawaaraha xawaaraha: Hababka helitaanka xawaaraha xawaaraha iyo wakhtiga joogtada ah waxay u baahan yihiin in la hagaajiyo iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka firfircoon iyo shuruudaha farsamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka. Guud ahaan marka la hadlo, faa'iidada loop-ka xawaaraha waxaa lagu dejin karaa wax yar ka sarreeya nidaamka semi-xiran-loop si loo hagaajiyo xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka.
(3) Xakamaynta shaandhaynta: Nidaamka buuxa ee loop-ku wuxuu aad ugu nugul yahay buuqa calaamada jawaab-celinta, markaa cabbirada shaandhaynta habboon ayaa loo baahan yahay in la dejiyo si loo shaandheeyo buuqa. Nooca iyo xulashada cabbirka shaandhada waa in lagu hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda codsiga gaarka ah.
III. Qaadashada shaqada xakamaynta soo noqnoqoshada sare
Doodda sare waxay ku saabsan tahay habka wanaajinta halbeegga ee dhaqdhaqaaqa-soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya. Mararka qaarkood, nidaamka CNC ee qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa soo saari doona calaamadaha jawaab-celinta oo ay ku jiraan is-waafajinta-soo noqnoqda sare sababtoo ah sababo oscillation gaar ah oo ku jira qaybta farsamada, taas oo ka dhigaysa qulqulka soo-saarka mid aan joogto ahayn oo sidaas darteed abuura gariir. Xaaladdan oscillation-sare ee soo noqnoqota, isku xirka shaandheynta hoose ee-dalabka koowaad ayaa lagu dari karaa xawaaraha xawaaraha, kaas oo ah filtarka torque-ga.
Shaandheeyaha durdurku wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyn karaa is-waafajinta soo noqnoqoshada sarreeya ee calaamadda jawaab-celinta, taasoo ka dhigaysa qulqulka wax-soo-saarka mid xasiloon oo sidaas awgeed hoos u dhigaya gariirka. Marka la dooranayo cabbirrada filtarka torque-ga, arrimaha soo socda ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo:
(1) Inta jeer ee goynta: Inta jeer ee goynta ayaa go'aamisa heerka hoos u dhigista shaandhada ilaa calaamadaha soo noqnoqda sare. Soo noqnoqoshada gooyn ee aadka u hooseeya waxay saameyn doontaa xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka, halka inta jeer ee goynta aad u sareysa aysan awoodi doonin inay si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyso iswaafajinta soo noqnoqda sare.
(2) Nooca shaandhaynta: Noocyada shaandhada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah filter Butterworth, filter Chebyshev, iwm. Noocyada kala duwan ee filtarrada waxay leeyihiin sifooyin jawaab celineed oo kala duwan waxayna u baahan yihiin in lagu doorto iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda codsiga gaarka ah.
(3) Amarka shaandhaynta: Kolka uu sarreeyo amarka shaandhada, ayaa si fiican u saameynaya saamaynta hoos u dhigista calaamadaha soo noqnoqda, laakiin isla mar ahaantaana, waxay sidoo kale kordhin doontaa culeyska xisaabinta ee nidaamka. Markaad dooranayso nidaamka shaandhada, waxqabadka iyo agabka xisaabinta ee nidaamka waxay u baahan yihiin in si buuxda loo tixgeliyo.
Doodda sare waxay ku saabsan tahay habka wanaajinta halbeegga ee dhaqdhaqaaqa-soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya. Mararka qaarkood, nidaamka CNC ee qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa soo saari doona calaamadaha jawaab-celinta oo ay ku jiraan is-waafajinta-soo noqnoqda sare sababtoo ah sababo oscillation gaar ah oo ku jira qaybta farsamada, taas oo ka dhigaysa qulqulka soo-saarka mid aan joogto ahayn oo sidaas darteed abuura gariir. Xaaladdan oscillation-sare ee soo noqnoqota, isku xirka shaandheynta hoose ee-dalabka koowaad ayaa lagu dari karaa xawaaraha xawaaraha, kaas oo ah filtarka torque-ga.
Shaandheeyaha durdurku wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyn karaa is-waafajinta soo noqnoqoshada sarreeya ee calaamadda jawaab-celinta, taasoo ka dhigaysa qulqulka wax-soo-saarka mid xasiloon oo sidaas awgeed hoos u dhigaya gariirka. Marka la dooranayo cabbirrada filtarka torque-ga, arrimaha soo socda ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo:
(1) Inta jeer ee goynta: Inta jeer ee goynta ayaa go'aamisa heerka hoos u dhigista shaandhada ilaa calaamadaha soo noqnoqda sare. Soo noqnoqoshada gooyn ee aadka u hooseeya waxay saameyn doontaa xawaaraha jawaabta nidaamka, halka inta jeer ee goynta aad u sareysa aysan awoodi doonin inay si wax ku ool ah u shaandheyso iswaafajinta soo noqnoqda sare.
(2) Nooca shaandhaynta: Noocyada shaandhada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah filter Butterworth, filter Chebyshev, iwm. Noocyada kala duwan ee filtarrada waxay leeyihiin sifooyin jawaab celineed oo kala duwan waxayna u baahan yihiin in lagu doorto iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda codsiga gaarka ah.
(3) Amarka shaandhaynta: Kolka uu sarreeyo amarka shaandhada, ayaa si fiican u saameynaya saamaynta hoos u dhigista calaamadaha soo noqnoqda, laakiin isla mar ahaantaana, waxay sidoo kale kordhin doontaa culeyska xisaabinta ee nidaamka. Markaad dooranayso nidaamka shaandhada, waxqabadka iyo agabka xisaabinta ee nidaamka waxay u baahan yihiin in si buuxda loo tixgeliyo.
Intaa waxaa dheer, si loo sii baabi'iyo oscillation ee qalabka mashiinka CNC, tallaabooyinka soo socda ayaa sidoo kale la qaadi karaa:
Wanaaji qaabdhismeedka farsamada
Hubi qaybaha makaanikada ee qalabka mashiinka, sida biraha hagaha, bilaha rasaasta, biraha, iwm, si aad u hubiso in saxnaanta rakibaadda iyo nadiifinta taam ay buuxinayaan shuruudaha. Qaybaha aadka u xiran, ku beddel ama u hagaaji waqtiga. Isla mar ahaantaana, si macquul ah u hagaaji miisaanka counter-weight iyo dheelitirka qalabka mashiinka si loo yareeyo jiilka gariirada farsamada.
Hagaajinta awoodda ka-hortagga faragelinta ee nidaamka xakamaynta
Nidaamka xakamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa si fudud u saameeya faragelinta dibadda, sida faragelinta korantada, isbeddelka awoodda, iwm.
(1) Qaado fiilooyinka gaashaanka leh iyo cabbirada dhulka si loo yareeyo saameynta faragelinta korantada.
(2) Ku rakib filtarrada korantada si aad u dejiso tamarta korontada.
(3) Hagaajinta algorithm software ee nidaamka xakamaynta si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka ka-hortagga faragelinta nidaamka.
Dayactirka iyo dayactirka joogtada ah
Si joogto ah u samee dayactirka iyo ilaalinta qalabka mashiinka CNC, nadiifi qaybaha kala duwan ee qalabka mashiinka, hubi xaaladaha shaqada ee nidaamka sifeynta iyo nidaamka qaboojinta, oo beddel qaybaha xiran iyo saliidda saliidda wakhtiga. Tani waxay xaqiijin kartaa waxqabadka xasilloon ee qalabka mashiinka waxayna yareyn kartaa dhacdooyinka oscillation.
Wanaaji qaabdhismeedka farsamada
Hubi qaybaha makaanikada ee qalabka mashiinka, sida biraha hagaha, bilaha rasaasta, biraha, iwm, si aad u hubiso in saxnaanta rakibaadda iyo nadiifinta taam ay buuxinayaan shuruudaha. Qaybaha aadka u xiran, ku beddel ama u hagaaji waqtiga. Isla mar ahaantaana, si macquul ah u hagaaji miisaanka counter-weight iyo dheelitirka qalabka mashiinka si loo yareeyo jiilka gariirada farsamada.
Hagaajinta awoodda ka-hortagga faragelinta ee nidaamka xakamaynta
Nidaamka xakamaynta ee qalabka mashiinka CNC ayaa si fudud u saameeya faragelinta dibadda, sida faragelinta korantada, isbeddelka awoodda, iwm.
(1) Qaado fiilooyinka gaashaanka leh iyo cabbirada dhulka si loo yareeyo saameynta faragelinta korantada.
(2) Ku rakib filtarrada korantada si aad u dejiso tamarta korontada.
(3) Hagaajinta algorithm software ee nidaamka xakamaynta si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka ka-hortagga faragelinta nidaamka.
Dayactirka iyo dayactirka joogtada ah
Si joogto ah u samee dayactirka iyo ilaalinta qalabka mashiinka CNC, nadiifi qaybaha kala duwan ee qalabka mashiinka, hubi xaaladaha shaqada ee nidaamka sifeynta iyo nidaamka qaboojinta, oo beddel qaybaha xiran iyo saliidda saliidda wakhtiga. Tani waxay xaqiijin kartaa waxqabadka xasilloon ee qalabka mashiinka waxayna yareyn kartaa dhacdooyinka oscillation.
Gebogebadii, baabi'inta oscillation ee qalabka mishiinada CNC waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin dhamaystiran oo farsamo iyo arrimaha korontada. Iyadoo si macquul ah loo hagaajinayo xuduudaha nidaamka servo, qaadashada shaqada xakamaynta sare ee soo noqnoqda, hagaajinta qaabdhismeedka farsamada, hagaajinta awoodda ka hortagga faragelinta nidaamka xakamaynta, iyo fulinta dayactirka iyo ilaalinta joogtada ah, dhacdada oscillation si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo yareyn karaa iyo saxnaanta mashiinnada iyo xasilloonida qalabka mashiinka waa la hagaajin karaa.